Di Donato situates Open Science within a longer genealogy of collective intelligence, public verification and infrastructural openness. The chapter’s strongest idea is that openness is not exhausted by unrestricted access to finished publications: it concerns the architecture through which knowledge is created, described, circulated, verified and reused. Internet protocols, free software, open licensing, FAIR principles and research infrastructures appear as related technical and juridical arrangements that make collective scientific work possible. Particularly important is the insistence that a network is simultaneously infrastructure, architecture and community, linking distributed technical topology to social organisation. The methodological operation is therefore genealogical and infrastructural: historical norms of public knowledge are connected to contemporary standards for metadata, persistent identifiers, interoperability and long-term accessibility. Di Donato bridges philosophy of science, digital infrastructure studies and research policy by showing how apparently technical standards materialise epistemic values. Open Science becomes a designed ecology of protocols in which collective benefit, equity, accountability, participation, flexibility and sustainability acquire operational form.